Bismuth
Element 83 of Periodic table is Bismuth with atomic number 83, atomic weight 208.98038. Bismuth, symbol Bi, has a Base Centered Monoclinic structure and Gray color. Bismuth is a post-transition metal element. Trivial name of Bismuth is pentels, pnictogens*. Know everything about Bismuth Facts, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Electronic configuration, Atomic and Crystal Structure.
Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a pentavalent post-transition metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores.
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Bismuth Facts
Read key information and facts about element Bismuth
| Name | Bismuth |
| Atomic Number | 83 |
| Atomic Symbol | Bi |
| Atomic Weight | 208.98038 |
| Phase | Solid |
| Color | Gray |
| Classification | post-transition metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | 15 |
| Group Name | nitrogen family |
| Period in Periodic Table | 6 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p-block |
| Electronic Configuration | |
| Melting Point | 271.3 °C |
| Boiling Point | 1564 °C |
| Electronic Shell Structure | <2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5> |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-69-9 |
Neighborhood
50
Sn
51
Sb
52
Te
82
Pb
83
Bi
84
Po
114
Fl
115
Mc
116
Lv
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
| 1 | 1 H 2 He | |||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3 Li 4 Be 5 B 6 C 7 N 8 O 9 F 10 Ne | |||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 11 Na 12 Mg 13 Al 14 Si 15 P 16 S 17 Cl 18 Ar | |||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 19 K 20 Ca 21 Sc 22 Ti 23 V 24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 35 Br 36 Kr | |||||||||||||||||
| 5 | 37 Rb 38 Sr 39 Y 40 Zr 41 Nb 42 Mo 43 Tc 44 Ru 45 Rh 46 Pd 47 Ag 48 Cd 49 In 50 Sn 51 Sb 52 Te 53 I 54 Xe | |||||||||||||||||
| 6 | 55 Cs 56 Ba 72 Hf 73 Ta 74 W 75 Re 76 Os 77 Ir 78 Pt 79 Au 80 Hg 81 Tl 82 Pb 83 Bi 84 Po 85 At 86 Rn | |||||||||||||||||
| 7 | 87 Fr 88 Ra 104 Rf 105 Db 106 Sg 107 Bh 108 Hs 109 Mt 110 Ds 111 Rg 112 Cn 113 Nh 114 Fl 115 Mc 116 Lv 117 Ts 118 Og | |||||||||||||||||
| Lanthanides | 57 La 58 Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Dy 67 Ho 68 Er 69 Tm 70 Yb 71 Lu | |||||||||||||||||
| Actinide | 89 Ac 90 Th 91 Pa 92 U 93 Np 94 Pu 95 Am 96 Cm 97 Bk 98 Cf 99 Es 100 Fm 101 Md 102 No 103 Lr |
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How to Locate Bismuth on Periodic Table
Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 83 to find Bismuth on periodic table.
Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Bismuth on periodic table look for cross section of group 15 and period 6 in the modern periodic table.
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Table of Contents
History
Abundance
Physical Properties
Thermal Properties
Crystal Structure
Atomic & Orbital Properties
Chemical Properties
Isotopes
Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Databases
Compare Bismuth with other elements
Bismuth History
The element Bismuth was discovered by Claude François Geoffroy in year 1400 in unknown place . Bismuth derived its name from German word, now obsolete
Bismuth Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the abundance of Bismuth in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth"s Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
| Abundance in Universe | 7×10-8% |
| Abundance in Sun | 1×10-6% |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 6.9×10-6% |
| Abundance in Earth"s Crust | 2.5×10-6% |
| Abundance in Oceans | 2×10-9% |
| Abundance in Humans | N/A |
Crystal Structure of Bismuth
The solid state structure of Bismuth is Base Centered Monoclinic.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
Unit Cell Parameters
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
| 667.4 | 611.7 | 330.4 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
| π/2 | 1.925622 | π/2 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
| Space Group Name | C12/m1 |  |
| Space Group Number | 12 | |
| Crystal Structure | Base Centered Monoclinic |
Bismuth Atomic and Orbital Properties
Bismuth atoms have 83 electrons and the electronic shell structure is <2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5> with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 4S3/2.
| Atomic Number | 83 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 83 |
| Number of Protons | 83 |
| Mass Number | 209 |
| Number of Neutrons | 126 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | <2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5> |
| Electron Configuration | |
| Valence Electrons | 6s2 6p3 |
| Oxidation State | -3;-2;-1 1;2;3;4;5 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 4S3/2 |
Shell Structure of Bismuth - Electrons per energy level
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Bismuth - neutral Bismuth atom
The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Bismuth atom isSee more: Anytime At Your Convenience In A Sentence Examples, How To Use At Your Convenience In A Sentence
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Bismuth
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Bismuth atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Atomic Structure of Bismuth
Bismuth atomic radius is 143 pm, while it"s covalent radius is 146 pm.
| Atomic Radius | 143 pm (1.43 Å) |
| Atomic Volume | 21.3681370143 cm3 |
| Covalent Radius | 146 pm (1.46 Å) |
| Van der Waals Radius | N/A |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.034 σa/barns |
Atomic Spectrum of Bismuth
Bismuth Chemical Properties: Bismuth Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Bismuth is 91.2 kJ/mol
| Valence | 5 |
| Electronegativity | 2.02 |
| ElectronAffinity | 91.2 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energy of Bismuth
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Bismuth
| 1 | 703 |
| 2 | 1610 |
| 3 | 2466 |
| 4 | 4370 |
| 5 | 5.4×103 |
| 6 | 8520 |
Bismuth Physical Properties
Refer to below table for Bismuth Physical Properties
| Density | 9.78 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 21.3681370143 cm3 |
Elastic Properties
| Young Modulus | 32 GPa |
| Shear Modulus | 12 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 31 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.33 |
Hardness of Bismuth - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
| Mohs Hardness | 2.25 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | N/A |
| Brinell Hardness | 94.2 MPa |
Bismuth Electrical Properties
Bismuth is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Bismuth
| Electrical Conductivity | 7.7×105 S/m |
| Resistivity | 1.3×10-6 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | N/A |
Bismuth Heat and Conduction Properties
| Thermal Conductivity | 8 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000134 K-1 |
Bismuth Magnetic Properties
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | N/A |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.7×10-8 |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -3.6×10-9 |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.00017 |
Optical Properties of Bismuth
| Refractive Index | N/A |
Acoustic Properties of Bismuth
| Speed of Sound | 1790 m/s |
Bismuth Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Bismuth
| Melting Point | 544.4 K (271.3 °C) |
| Boiling Point | 1837 K (1564 °C) |
| Critical Temperature | N/A |
| Superconducting Point | N/A |
Enthalpies of Bismuth
| Heat of Fusion | 10.9 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 160 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | N/A |
Bismuth Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Bismuth
Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Bismuth has 1 stable isotope - None.
| 184Bi | ||||
| 185Bi | ||||
| 186Bi | ||||
| 187Bi | ||||
| 188Bi | ||||
| 189Bi | ||||
| 190Bi | ||||
| 191Bi | ||||
| 192Bi | ||||
| 193Bi | ||||
| 194Bi | ||||
| 195Bi | ||||
| 196Bi | ||||
| 197Bi | ||||
| 198Bi | ||||
| 199Bi | ||||
| 200Bi | ||||
| 201Bi | ||||
| 202Bi | ||||
| 203Bi | ||||
| 204Bi | ||||
| 205Bi | ||||
| 206Bi | ||||
| 207Bi | ||||
| 208Bi | ||||
| 209Bi | 100% | |||
| 210Bi | ||||
| 211Bi | ||||
| 212Bi | ||||
| 213Bi | ||||
| 214Bi | ||||
| 215Bi | ||||
| 216Bi | ||||
| 217Bi | ||||
| 218Bi |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| CAS Number | CAS7440-69-9 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSEB2600000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 6.1 |
| DOT Numbers | 3080 |
| EU Number | N/A |
| NFPA Fire Rating | N/A |
| NFPA Hazards | N/A |
| NFPA Health Rating | N/A |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | N/A |
| Autoignition Point | N/A |
| Flashpoint | N/A |
Database Search
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
| CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7440-69-9 |
| CID Number | CID5359367 |
| Gmelin Number | N/A |
| NSC Number | N/A |
| RTECS Number | RTECSEB2600000 |